Transcendental Meditation for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

 

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Transcendental Meditation (TM) is a type of meditation that involves the use of a mantra and is claimed to have several health benefits, including the improvement of sleep quality. This article provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on the efficacy of TM for the treatment of insomnia.

A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the use of TM for insomnia. The studies were assessed for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the outcomes of interest were subjective measures of sleep quality, including sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and wake after sleep onset.

A total of 11 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, involving a total of 673 participants. The studies varied in terms of the duration of the intervention and the length of follow-up. The control interventions included sleep hygiene education, progressive muscle relaxation, and wait-list control.

The meta-analysis found that TM was associated with significant improvements in subjective measures of sleep quality, including sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and wake after sleep onset. The effects of TM on sleep quality were maintained over a longer period of time compared to control interventions. The quality of the evidence was moderate to high, and there was no evidence of publication bias.

The findings suggest that TM may be a promising non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of insomnia. TM has several advantages over traditional interventions, including the ability to provide a personalized and engaging experience that may be more effective for some individuals. Additionally, TM can be easily integrated into an individual's daily routine and does not have the potential side effects associated with pharmacological interventions.

However, there are several limitations to the study that should be considered. The number of studies included in the meta-analysis was relatively small, and the duration of the interventions varied. Additionally, the studies varied in terms of the characteristics of the participants, which may have affected the results.

In conclusion, the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that TM may be a promising intervention for the treatment of insomnia. TM has the potential to improve sleep quality, particularly in terms of reducing sleep onset latency and increasing total sleep time. Further research is needed to better understand the optimal protocols for delivering TM and to determine the long-term effects of these interventions on sleep quality.